Knowing what is confirmed changes the decision.
We distinguish verified facts, analytical inference and points that still require evidence.
Primary sources and data relevant to the decision.
Cross-check sources to confirm facts and inconsistencies.
Verified facts with traceable references.
Impact, inference and options clearly separated.
Four controls against weak conclusions.
Fact vs. inference
Separate what sources confirm from what analysis infers.
Certainty vs. uncertainty
Show the confidence level behind each important conclusion.
Traceability
Connect important claims to sources that can be checked again.
Original vs. secondary
Distinguish original data from secondary sources and prior interpretation.
Three evidence levels.
Each important claim shows where evidence ends and interpretation begins.
- Verified
Confirmed by a primary source or by cross-checking multiple sources.
- Inferred
An analytical conclusion based on evidence and explicitly labeled as inference.
- Uncertain
Partial or contradictory evidence that requires further validation.